diff --git a/_posts/2019-02-15-ch2-notes.md b/_posts/2019-02-15-ch2-notes.md index fd0bb2063899e821e76b4362a13ac08ca32bfd66..8578eb08e163ddd5c53676ea0de37f54f65f0520 100644 --- a/_posts/2019-02-15-ch2-notes.md +++ b/_posts/2019-02-15-ch2-notes.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ $$ $$ The Fourier Inversion Theorem states that $$\mathcal{F} \mathcal{F}^{-1} = \mathcal{F}^{-1} -\mathcal{F} = \mathbb{1}$$ (where $$\mathbb{1}$$ is the identity operator). This holds for the space +\mathcal{F} = \mathcal{I}$$ (where $$\mathcal{I}$$ is the identity operator). This holds for the space of functions whose Fourier transforms exist and for which both the function and the transform are absolutely integrable and continuous. All claims I make about functions should be interpreted to apply only to functions in this space. @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ $$ Thus $$\mathcal{F}^{-1} = \mathcal{F} \mathcal{R} = \mathcal{R} \mathcal{F}$$. This means that $$ -\mathbb{1} +\mathcal{I} = \mathcal{F} \mathcal{F}^{-1} = \mathcal{F} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{R} = \mathcal{R} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{F} @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ $$ and $$ -\mathbb{1} +\mathcal{I} = (\mathcal{F} \mathcal{F}^{-1}) (\mathcal{F} \mathcal{F}^{-1}) = \mathcal{F} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{F} $$ @@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ In this version horizontal arrows indicate Fourier transforms (and you can alway a horizontal arrow by taking the inverse Fourier transform), and vertical arrows indicate complex conjugates. + ### Even More Odd Recall that a function $$f$$ is even if $$f(-x) = f(x)$$, and odd if $$f(-x) = -f(x)$$. Note that a @@ -148,5 +149,21 @@ hold, we can deduce some interesting things from the commutative diagram above. - a function is even $$\iff$$ its Fourier transform is even - a function is odd $$\iff$$ its Fourier transform is odd - a function is real $$\iff$$ the conjugate of its transform is its inverse transform + $$\iff$$ conjugating its transform is the same as flipping its transform - a function is real and even $$\iff$$ its transform is real and even - a function is real and odd $$\iff$$ its transform is imaginary and odd + +The case where $$f$$ is a real function is used often enough to be worth drawing out explicitly. It +also helps see the the cases for even and odd real functions. Here the diagonal arrows represent +Fourier transforms (as always they can be inverted), and the vertical arrow represents the complex +conjugate (which in this particular case is equivalent to the flip operator). + +$$ +\begin{array}{rcccl} +&& \hat{f}(x) = \overline{\hat{f}(-x)} && \\ +& \nearrow && \searrow & \\ +f(x) && \updownarrow && f(-x) \\ +& \nwarrow && \swarrow & \\ +&& \overline{\hat{f}(x)} = \hat{f}(-x) && +\end{array} +$$